PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.